In addition, certain specified actions, such as making certain recommendations regarding mining, or receiving or disposing of funds, services, or property, require approval by a majority of all votes on the commission. [16] Congressional Research Service, Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation 450-51, https://www.congress.gov/constitution-annotated (last updated Aug. 26, 2017). Interstate compacts in the United States were first used by the American colonies to settle boundary disputes. To become effective, it must be approved by those states’ respective legislatures and, depending on the subject matter of the compact, consented to by Congress. Psychology Interjurisdictional Compact (PsyPact) Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (ASLP) Compact. For example, compacts that serve to establish boundaries between states, like the Missouri-Nebraska Boundary Compact,[43] may not include procedures for ongoing activities under the compact. Porter, chief of the Florida bureau of interstate compacts, wrote Kirk. Legal | Tribal sovereignty pre-dates the formation of the United States and is recognized through the U.S. Constitution and numerous federal statutes and court cases. Much like state governments, tribal governments are responsible for the health, safety and welfare of their citizens and their communities. Reserve Sys., 472 U.S. 159, 176 (1985). New Jersey belongs to 38 interstate compacts. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Compact. Compacts that receive congressional consent become federal law. I. Bancorp, Inc. v. Bd. Alabama belongs to 42 interstate compacts. Which article is extradition held through? Florida belongs to 35 interstate compacts. [76]  The compact, available on the Multistate Tax Commission’s website, established that Commission in order to pursue the following purposes: The Commission’s website also includes a history of the Commission;[78] descriptions of its programs, executive committee, and other committees, along with archives of committee agendas, meeting minutes, and other documents;[79] the Commission’s bylaws;[80] and annual reports,[81] as well as various practical resources for Commission participants. However, some are from the U.S. Code and CSG Suggested State Legislation volumes.The linked compacts are in htm, html, pdf and doc formats. [70] Id. On average, each state was a party to 37 interstate compacts as of 2014. Grants of Franchise to Corporations by Two States. I, art. at 243. The tables below show the compacts each state is involved in as of 2014. [35] Buenger et al., supra note 2, at 237. Inspector General | I, § 10, cl. [34] Council of State Governments, A Guide to Development, Content and Format: Interstate Compacts § 1 (2003), https://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ncic/Format.pdf (last visited June 18, 2018). V(a), http://apps.csg.org/ncic/PDF/Interstate Mining Compact.pdf. Official blog from the Law Library of Congress. 1 (providing that the “Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States”). III, § 3(a). v. Board of Governors, the Court indicated that congressional consent would be required for a compact that would increase the political power of compacting states “at the expense of” non-compacting states.[33]. Congress has inserted itself into the negotiations over, administration of, and participation in interstate compacts. That compact primarily provides for the adjustment of the border between the two states, as well as related matters, such as specifying one state’s relinquishment of sovereignty to territory that became part of the other state pursuant to the boundary adjustment, and the right to tax property located in acquired territory.[44]. All requests to the Interstate Compact Office shall include the following items: • A completed CFS 490, Interstate Compact Placement Request; For a discussion of Supreme Court jurisprudence on the Privileges and Immunities Clause, see Congressional Research Service, Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, supra note 16, at 965–77. [25] Texas v. New Mexico, 482 U.S. 124, 134 (1987). [78] MTC History, Multistate Tax Commission, http://www.mtc.gov/The-Commission/MTC-History (last visited June 19, 2018). Numerous examples of compacts and the interstate agencies formed to administer them are available online. Those interstate agency websites, like that of the Multistate Tax Commission described above, may include an agency’s compact, bylaws, other internal governing documents, guidance documents for member states, annual reports, and other materials. It is a web-based system. Some compacts may include specific terms as to the subject of the compact and also provide for an interstate agency to take further actions in support of the compact’s goals. I, § 8, cl. Const., art. Some compacts, however, go so far as to specifically address the effect (if any) of those compact on states that are not parties to them. [81] Annual Reports, Multistate Tax Commission, http://www.mtc.gov/The-Commission/Annual-Report (last visited June 19, 2018). An interstate compact agreement ensures that once the offender serves his or her sentence, the original court agreement is upheld. Colorado belongs to 43 interstate compacts. Alaska belongs to 33 interstate compacts. Ballotpedia features 318,790 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. In US Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Commission, the Court found that an interstate compact to facilitate collection and allocation of state taxes did not violate the Compact Clause. Such dispute resolution provisions can include, for example, empowering the interstate agency created by the compact to adjudicate resolutions of such disputes or attempt to arrange resolution (with litigation as a last resort), or providing for disputes to be resolved by mediation or arbitration. One compact for which a great deal of information is available online is the Multistate Tax Compact, which became effective in 1967. Mississippi belongs to 40 interstate compacts. Compacts are often used on a nationwide basis. [31] U.S. [26] Buenger et al., supra note 2, at 269. New York belongs to 42 interstate compacts. Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basin Compact, Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin Compact, Interstate Civil Defense and Disaster Compact, Interstate Compact for Adult Offender Supervision, Compact for Adoption and Medical Assistance, Interstate Compact on Educational Opportunity for Military Children, Interstate Compact on Placement of Children, Interstate Compact to Conserve Oil and Gas, Interstate Insurance Product Regulation Compact, Mississippi-Alabama Railroad Authority Compact, Mississippi-Louisiana Rapid Rail Transit Compact, National Guard Mutual Assistance Counter-Drug Activities Compact, Northeast Mississippi-Northwest Alabama Railroad Authority Compact, Southeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, Southeastern Forest Fire Protection Compact, Surplus Lines Insurance Multi-State Compliance Compact, Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway Development Compact, Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act, Agreement on Qualifications of Education Personnel, Multistate Highway Transportation Agreement, National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact, Northwest Compact on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact, Northwest Wildland Fire Protection Agreement, Western Regional Higher Education Compact, Interstate Compact Defining a Portion of the Arizona-Nevada Boundary on the Colorado River, Interstate Compact Defining the Boundary Between the States of Arizona and California, Interstate Compact on Licenses of Participants in Horse Racing with Pari-Mutual Wagering, Interstate Compact to Build a Border Fence, Southwestern Low-Level Radioactive Waster Disposal Compact, Arkansas-Mississippi Great River Bridge Construction Compact, Central Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, South Central Forest Fire Protection Compact, Interstate Compact on Agricultural Grain Marketing, Oregon-California Goose Lake Interstate Compact, Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad Compact, Rocky Mountain Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, Bus Taxation Proration and Reciprocity Agreement, Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Compact, Connecticut River Valley Flood Control Compact, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Compact, New England Radiological Health Protection Compact, New England State Interstate Trucking Fee Compact, Northeast Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Compact, Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Compact, Railroad Passenger Transportation Compact, Thames River Valley Flood Control Compact, Appalachian States Radioactive Waste Compact, Interstate Compact on the Mentally Disordered Offender, Mid-Atlantic Forest Fire Protection Compact, Nonadmitted Insurance Interstate Agreement, Interstate Rail Passenger Network Compact, Interstate Forest Fire Suppression Compact, Pacific States Agreement on Radioactive Materials Transportation, Big Rivers Forest Fire Management Compact, Central Midwest Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact, Interstate High Speed Intercity Rail Passenger Network Compact, Interstate Insurance Receivership Compact, Midwest Interstate Passenger Rail Compact, Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact, Quad Cities Interstate Metropolitan Authority Compact, Midwest Interstate Low-Level Radioactive Waste Compact, Kansas-Missouri Flood Prevention and Control Compact, Kansas and Missouri Metropolitan Culture District Compact, Tennessee River Basin Water Pollution Control Compact, Lower Mississippi River Interstate Pollution Phase Out Compact, Maine-New Hampshire School District Compact, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Compact, Maryland and Virginia Boundary Agreement of 1785, Potomac Highlands Airport Authority Compact, Natural resource management; Flood control, Virginia-Maryland Boundary Agreement of 1878, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Compact, New Hampshire-Massachusetts Interstate Sewage and Waste Disposal Compact, Taxation of Motor Fuels Consumed by Interstate Buses, Taxation; Transportation; Industry regulation, Boundary Compact Between Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, Interstate Compact on Industrialized/Modular Buildings, Chickasaw Trail Economic Development Compact, New Hampshire-Vermont Interstate Public Water Supply Compact, New Hampshire-Vermont Interstate School Compact, New Hampshire-Vermont Interstate Sewage and Waste Disposal Facilities Compact, New Jersey-Pennsylvania Turnpike Bridge Compact, New York-New Jersey Port Authority Compact of 1921, Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority Compact, Virginia-North Carolina Boundary Agreement of 1791, Virginia-North Carolina Boundary Agreement of 1970, Oregon-Washington Columbia River Boundary Compact, Wheeling Creek Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Compact, Compact for Pension Portability for Education, New England Compact on Involuntary Detention for Tuberculosis Control, Virginia-District of Columbia Boundary Line Compact of 1946, Virginia and West Virginia Boundary Agreement of 1863, Virginia and West Virginia Boundary Compact of 1959, Virginia and West Virginia Boundary Compact of 1998, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Interstate_compacts_by_state&oldid=6885216, Tracking election disputes, lawsuits, and recounts, Ballotpedia's Daily Presidential News Briefing, Submit a photo, survey, video, conversation, or bio. 9 terms. Wisconsin belongs to 26 interstate compacts. Robert M . Georgia belongs to 35 interstate compacts. For example, the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children and the Interstate Compact on Juveniles are examples of compacts adhered to by all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Numerous examples of compacts and the interstate agencies formed to administer them are available online. For compacts that contemplate future decisions, decision making may be delegated to the interstate agency that is formed by the compact on which representatives of the states party to the compact serve, or another governing body with the parties’ representatives, such as a board. Examples of well-known interstate compacts include the New York-New Jersey Port Authority Compact, the Washington Metro Area Transit Authority Compact, the Emergency Management Assistance Compact, and the Southern Dairy Compact. For a discussion of Supreme Court jurisprudence on the Commerce Clause, see Congressional Research Service, Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, supra note 16, at 176–301. Most are state statutes. Arizona belongs to 38 interstate compacts. [45] Council of State Governments, Compact Governance 1, https://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/ ncic/Success.pdf (last visited June 19, 2018). Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. [71]  Some compacts also include provisions conferring upon the interstate agency broad supplemental authority empowering the agency to address circumstances not specifically enumerated in the compact in furtherance of its purposes.[72]. Despite the freedom of states to form interstate compacts, the trend is toward increased federal participation and control. ... Privileges and Immunities: What is an example of a reasonable discrimination a State may exercise against a citizen of another State? I, art. Jobs | An interstate compact is an agreement between or among two or more states of the United States. INTERSTATE COMPACTS Other examples of compact activity include the revision of existing interstate agreements; updating agreements that maintain relevance, but which require a modernization of their structures. Oklahoma belongs to 36 interstate compacts. [14] U.S. Since the turn of the twentieth century, however, the interstate compact has been used to an increasing extent as an instrument for state cooperation in carrying out affirmative programs for solving common problems. While historically interstate compacts only included states as parties, more recently the federal government has become a participant in some compacts. Traditionally, this device was used to 5 Compacts are financed in various ways; these can include state appropriations, proceeds from compact activities, foundation funds, and dues assessments. Illinois belongs to 37 interstate compacts. of Governors of Fed. South Dakota belongs to 28 interstate compacts. III, § 10. An example of such a compact would be one that covers an issue affecting all states, but that permits only certain states to be a party to it. app., http://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/[email protected]/title18a/node5 &edition=prelim. Interstate compacts included in the database involve various states and deal with a variety of topics such as conservation and the environment, education, insurance, taxation, and other matters. [18]  Congress may condition its consent subject to the compact containing suitable terms that do not violate limitations set forth in the Constitution. [34]  Typical compact provisions include the following: Depending on the subject matter of an interstate compact, it may or may not include rules and procedures for taking future action in furtherance of the objectives of the compact. Virginia belongs to 55 interstate compacts. Examples of well-known interstate compacts include the New York-New Jersey Port Authority Compact, the Emergency Management Assistance Compact, the Washington Metro Area Tran- sit Authority Compact, the Multistate Tax Compact and the Southern Dairy Compact. These interstate compact agreements work to ensure that the agreements of a person’s conviction are upheld in another state. Examples of such advance consent include the Crime Control Compact Consent Act of 1934, in which Congress authorized “any two or more States to enter into agreements or compacts for cooperative effort and mutual assistance in the prevention of crime and in the enforcement of their respective criminal laws and policies, and to establish such agencies, joint or otherwise, as they may deem desirable for … . [59], The approaches taken by compacts regarding their administration vary. [13], Although the US Constitution contains an express requirement for approval by Congress of compacts between states, the US Supreme Court has held that some agreements between states do not require such congressional consent. Click here to interstate compacts example US for media inquiries, and please Donate here to our... Numerous other compacts are contracts that are negotiated between states //apps.csg.org/ncic/PDF/ Woodrow Wilson Bridge Tunnel. 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