Even among resistant maize genotypes or varieties, kernel hardness, a basis of resistance is limited by moisture content. 7) poverty and global food crises. Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, it has been documented that the south locus of the at side of a, feeding possibly because of its soft nature and proximity to the nutri-, ent-rich embryo and this has implications for seed viability (, is suggested in the postharvest control of maize weevil. Much information is present in online lit-, and environmentally friendly management alternative has not been. MAIZE WEEVIL CONTROL IN THE GARDEN ^ If you’ve found maize weevils on your corn or other vegetables, apply MULTIPURPOSE INSECT KILLER directly to the affected crops. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical belts as well as in warmer temperate region of all continents and is recorded very serious major pest of stored sorghum (Schumuttere 1990). /BitsPerComponent 8 Out of the 54 experimental hybrids tested, eight hybrids were resistant, six were susceptible and the remaining 40 hybrids were moderately resistant. New scale used to determine the resistance weighted average scores/resistance status of maize varieties at F 1 generation. control and a treated control should be considered indispensable. The main objective of grain storage is to maintain quality of the produce for a long period of time and the basic requirements of every grain storage structure or systems are to protect the grains from insects, rodents and prevent deterioration of the grains by the activities of microorganisms. /SA true (2015b). Eighty-five percent of the elite maize varieties were at least resistant to _S. maize; postharvest; resistant varieties; technical guides; reorientation. Very similar in appearance to the Rice Weevil with characteristics described above, except that the insects are longer, adults reaching a length of 3-3.5mm: Colour: The reddish markings on the wing covers are more clearly defined. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92(1):239-245; 31 ref. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the chemical composition and functional group of solvent extract, respectively. The powder was thoroughly mixed with the aid of a glass rod and agitated for 5 to 10 min to ensure uniform coating. Simulating nonlinear, The production of nuts from stands of naturally occurring pecan trees (native or seedling pecans) is a significant component of the U.S. pecan industry. Use of botanicals to suppress the development of maize weevil, Sitophilus … However, breeding maize crop to improve resistance against the maize weevil is associated with some technical limitations. Sitophilus zeamis is a key pest of maize. /ca 1.0 Adebayo … Native pecan producers have adopted a low-input management system whose outputs include nuts, cattle, and pecan wood products. In some published experiments on the efcacy of plant. /SM 0.02 Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, ity of maize varieties to post-harvest infestation by, EPPO (2001). While [15] recorded the mean developmental period of S. zeamais ranging between 33 and 35 days at the mean temperature of 26 ± 2oC, [7] recorded the total developmental period of S. zeamais as 39 . @inproceedings{Yusuf2020CharacterizationOB, title={Characterization of Bacteria from the Gut of Sitophilus zeamais (Maize Weevil)}, author={Shamtau D. Yusuf and N. PeniD. Assessing efficacy of botanicals to control maize weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in stored sorghum grain This reduces the nutritional value, germination capacity, grain weight and marketability of such grains. norms: the creation of social capital in agricultural economics in Ghana. Zashchita Rastenii. Chemical insecticides applied to prevent or control insect infestations have proved the simplest and most cost effective means of … analyses, maize grain is a staple part of man and his environment. D, Dent or concave depression on maize grain. This is because most of the plant and, animal materials tested for insecticidal activities lack quick action, and residuals effects. zeamais_ attack. During screening of plant species for insecticidal activities, an untreated control and a reference insecticide whose efficacy in different agro-ecological zones is known should be designated and the plant material should be tested at economically justified doses. Principles of acceptable efcacy, evaluation of plant protection products –No PP1/214(1). Maize weevils prefer whole grains but have been reported to feed on many processed grain products including pet food and pastas. Minimum effective dose. systems, a computer program calculates optimal solutions and the sensitivity of the solutions to various relative prices. About 15 percent weight loss had been reported in … No resistant/susceptible, check is designated in some studies on host resistance and this is, not technically correct. endobj This article is protected by copyright. January 2008; 338; ABI/ INFORM Global, 52. ment of the susceptibility of some varieties of, Evaluation of certain plant leaf powders and aqueous extracts against. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. It was further revealed that grain resistance against the maize weevil could be … Finally, it also shows importance of farmers’ awareness on … Researchers conducting experiments with. To test this hypothesis, resistance indices of the weevil were assessed using a new scale developed by Nwosu et al. Exposing grains to, tropical ambient sun or air-temperature and relative humidity for, 2–4 weeks (drying or acclimatization) conditions maize grains for, storage in order to check weevil infestation. The effect of leaf powder and extracted oil on repellency and mortality for insects was due to the presence of bioactive and phytochemical molecules such as Phytol, Pyrroline, Paromomycin, Pyrrolizin, and 1-Eicosano. << For instance, the, experimental containers are not viable just after 24h if not laid on, in unsterilized containers because of the detritus nature of the envi-, A common weakness in screening plant materials for insecticidal, activity is the tendency to test the material at high-application con-, centration. These insects cause weight loss of about 20 to 90 % of the untreated stored maize seeds. Postharvest losses are known to be one of the serious constraints upon food security among farmers poor resource in Africa. The resistant varieties, particularly 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 maize with high resistance should be promoted for growing. and innovations in the use of varietal resistance and botanical insecti, cides to manage the maize weevil infestation in stored maize in particu, The author accords recognition to the invaluable contributions of Professors, Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) (Coleopter, some maize cultivars in Nigeria to infestation and damage by maize wee-, internal infestations of rice weevil and maize weevil (coleoptera: curculio-. Secondary damage is caused by moulds, insects … Another common weakness in efcacy testing of plant, species is the absence of a scoring system. It has been established by several workers that the maize weevil, Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/fqs/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/fqsafe/fyy011/5048221, grain, in which immature stages develop (, values, culminating in outright loss of visual appeal at the local and, international markets. In Ethiopia, like in other developing countries post harvest losses, including storage losses is estimated at 5-26%. Acheck maize variety or cultivar is standard, maize employed as a model for effective comparison of the perfor-, mance of the test varieties or cultivars in order to achieve the desired, check based on the fact that what one is working on are elite varie-, ties. EPPO standards – efcacy evaluation of, plant protection products – No PP1/225(1). The LD50 recorded strongly indicates that D. tripetala has a moderately high safety margin. ... Sitophilus zeamais is the most weevil pests that attack stored maize. the control of weevils in stored maize grain in Nigeria. The extracted oil by the three-solvent fraction had direct repellent and toxic effect to the weevil. Both are small snout beetles, about 1/8inch - long, and are reddish brown to almost black. Some improved maize varieties susceptible to infesta- tion and damage by the maize weevil, S. zeamais Motschulsky at ≤90 days storage duration; S/N, Serial number, . �� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� It was suggested that the factors that confer resistance on a maize variety against _Sitophilus zeamais_ Motschulsky are chemically based. The increased public aware-, ness and concern for environmental safety has compelled reorienta-, tion of research focus to the development of alternative management. It is used in breweries (to produce alcohol) and phar, causes severe quantitative and qualitative losses in stored, is capable of penetrating and infesting intact kernels of, ) leaving the maize emptied of its nutritional and seed, still invade and cause varying degrees of damage to, shows some genetically improved maize varieties broken, is not sufcient to achieve desired efcacy. The granary weevil is more cylindrical than the rice or maize weevil and is about 1/5-inch long. Diverse authori-, ties in crop science and storage entomology adopt this approach, as a way to make inference on the resistance status of improved, and newly released crop varieties with a view to making useful, recommendations for successful breeding programs against pest, workers have been using Dobie formula for calculating the index of, The median development period is the time (in days) from the mid-, dle of the oviposition period to the emergence of 50 per cent of the, applications, this formula is appropriate only at F, middle of oviposition (an important component of Dobie’s formula). The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), known in the United States as the greater rice weevil, is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae.It can be found in numerous tropical areas around the world, and in the United States, and is a major pest of maize. The LD50 for D. tripetala seed extract was 5785 mg/kg and this evoked paralysis in rats for 4 days coupled with discharge from the eyes and eventual death. PubMed. /Producer (�� Q t 4 . Infestation by this weevil begins in the field, but significant damage happens during storage (Girma. $4�%�&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz�������������������������������������������������������������������������� ? The major weevil control measures include proper dpostharvest handling procedures and use of indigenous technical knowledge. EPPO (2004). Ten pairs of emerged adults of weevils were introduced into the … Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus is a major pest of tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, in China. (pepper fruit) seed either as powder or extract (1.5% w/w, ). Infestation often starts in the field and is carried later into the grain stores. Effect of plant powders on maize weevil’s mortality The toxic effect of plants on adult of S. zeamais was accomplished in jars (20 cm diameter) containing 200 g of maize grains with dose of 2, 5, 8, and 11% (w/w) of plant powders. For instance, genetically improved maize varieties released by concerned bodies, are not adopted by local farmers. Maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais), rice weevils (S. oryzae), and granary weevils (S. granarius) are common harmful pest insects that infest stored food products in the modern world.Although all three species are cosmopolitan insects causing great damage to human products today, the former two are also … This will help immensely reduce possibilities of new, infestation from residues. Key words: Maize weevil Botanical materials, repellency, Minimum effective concentration INTRODUCTION Maize is exposed to insect pest attack prior to harvest and in storage Muyinza, [1]. ages, and limited knowledge of genetic bases of resistance. The high values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urea in the groups administered 75% permethrin powder (4338.75 mg/kg) and 75% D. tripetala seed powder is an index of liver and kidney injury and dysfunction. Maize Weevil: Scientific Name: Sitophilus zeamais: Size: 1/8- to 3/16-inch long .The maize weevil is similar to the rice weevil, but larger Accessed 26 September 2007. And like the rice weevil, the maize weevil can fly. quality characteristics include protein content, oil value, hardness, affect the quality of grain for food use? ii ABSTRACT Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus are two most important storage insect pests of maize in Ghana and Africa as a whole. accurate is to use middle of oviposition of F, developed suitable formulae as follows: 1.Index of susceptibility at, The published and recommended formulae are logical and approx, imate computation of the Dobie median development time for F. progeny (mid-point of oviposition to mid-point of emergence). World entomologists have key roles to play in order to make global impact in the fight against hunger and the roles include developing methods for preventing the importation and spread of destructive insects, embarking on extensive studies on the role of insects in agriculture, forestry, human and environmental health, designing and implementing pest management programmes for both urban and agricultural locations, coordinating public awareness and education programmes targeted at reducing hunger, discovering and cataloguing new species and classifying and preparing publications that help to identify different insect species, and being actively involved in pest control services and extension programmes. Origin and diffusion. call, some advances and innovations have been made. World hunger statistics revealed that the majority of hungry people live in developing countries where 12.9% of the population is grossly undernourished. 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