âThis Is Not a Mixtape,â Pitchfork, February 22, 2010, http://pitchfork.com/features/articles/7764-this-is-not-a-mixtape/2/. Review the viewpoints of Henry Jenkins, Steven Johnson, and Nicholas Carr. Describe the five types of convergence identified by Henry Jenkins and provide an example of each type that youâve noted in your own experience. In the first phase, telecommunication and IT market merge with each other, and both permeate with media market in the second phase81. Jenkins, Henry. All of these habits, formerly common parts of daily life, have been rendered essentially obsolete through the progression of convergence. Media theorist Henry Jenkins identifies the five kinds of convergence as the following: Economic convergence is when a single company has interests across many kinds of media. Economic convergence is the horizontal and vertical integration of the entertainment industry, in which a single company has interests across and within many kinds of media. Media theorist Henry Jenkins argues that convergence isnât an end result (as is the hypothetical black box), but instead a process that changes how media is both consumed and produced. Johnson, Steven Everything Bad Is Good for You (Riverhead, NY: Riverhead Books, 2005). Poking fun at alarmists who see every new technology as making children stupider, Johnson jokingly cautions readers against the dangers of book reading: It âchronically understimulates the sensesâ and is âtragically isolating.â Even worse, books âfollow a fixed linear path. Whatever the ultimate cognitive, social, or technological results, convergence is changing the way we relate to media today. Cultural convergence is when stories flow across several kinds of media platforms and when readers or viewers can comment on, alter, or otherwise talk back to culture. Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph. These statistics highlight some of the aspects of the new digital model of media consumption: participation and multitasking. âI think thereâs a group of peopleâfans and artists alikeâout there to whom music is more than just a file on your computer, more than just a folder of MP3s,â says Brad Rose, founder of a Tulsa, Oklahoma-based cassette label (Hogan, 2010). 105 Understanding Media and Culture by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Hollywood acts as if it only has to provide more of the same, printing Star Trek (1966) logo on so many widgets. They crave more information about their favorite characters and events and are willing to go to great lengths to find it. Economic convergence is when a single company has interests across many kinds of media. How about a street-side pay phone? Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999. London: IB Tauris, 2009. But convergence hasnât erased old technologies; instead, it may have just altered the way we use them. You are not authenticated to view the full text of this chapter or article. Nigeriaâs cinema industry, nicknamed Nollywood, takes its cues from Indiaâs Bollywood, which is in turn inspired by Hollywood in the United States. Fewer large companies own more media properties. Jenkins breaks convergence down into five categories: Nigeriaâs Nollywood produces more films annually than any other country besides India. White, Livingston A. âReconsidering Cultural Imperialism Theory,â TBS Journal 6 (2001), http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring01/white.html. Carr, Nicholas The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York: Norton, 2010). As a result, Jenkins argues, “if each work offers fresh experiences, then a crossover market will expand the potential gross within any individual media.”[6] That is, an Alias fan may not be a video gamer, but they’d be more than willing to try Alias: Underground if the game contained valuable information to the story world. Justin Wyatt describes such marketable content in High Concept, arguing that the most lucrative franchises are those claiming a cast of stars, a distinctive style, and an easily digestible premise. This may sound like a fringe concern, something to be hemmed and hawed over by communications … Global convergence is the process of geographically distant cultures influencing one another despite the distance that physically separates them. Innovations are constantly being diffused into goods and many are becoming an integral part of products. The difference is that itâs now possible to do all those things through one deviceâbe it a personal computer or a smartphoneâand through the Internet. [4] As a result, many corporations have discovered that creating emotional attachment to a product yields more responsive and loyal consumers. [6] Jenkins, Henry. First, digitization. Media convergence is important because in today's technologically advanced world, different forms of technology continue to be released and are better than their former models because they can simply do more. V Viacom, Time Warner, NewsCorp, Clear Channel and Disney all include separate divisions for the development of TV shows, films, comics, and video games. 4. Then, answer the following questions. “Star Wars' Galactic Dollars.” Forbes.com. Influential musician Thurston Moore of the band Sonic Youth recently claimed that he only listens to music on cassette. It is a two-step process. “The Fictional Institutions of Lost: World Building, Reality, and the Economic Possibilities of Narrative Divergence.” Reading Lost: Perspectives on a Hit Television Show. Media conglomerates can retain a percentage of the profits from each branch, rather than having to outsource such components to a competitor. A 2010 study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that Americans aged 8 to 18 spend more than 7.5 hours with electronic devices each dayâand, thanks to multitasking, theyâre able to pack an average of 11 hours of media content into that 7.5 hours (Lewin, 2010). economic convergence meaning: a process in which economies of different countries become more similar to each other: . Simply barraging consumers with branding is not enough. An extreme, and currently nonexistent, example of technological convergence would be the so-called black box, which would combine all the functions of previously distinct technology and would be the device through which weâd receive all our news, information, entertainment, and social interaction. Despite their ubiquity however, traditional cross-promotions are becoming less effective. Convergence can occur even when both high- and low-income countries increase investment in physical and human capital with the objective of growing GDP. 13 March 2009. Technological convergence is the merging of technologies such as the ability to watch TV shows online on sites like Hulu or to play video games on mobile phones like the Apple iPhone. Learn media convergence with free interactive flashcards. Major publications have been experimenting with television and software applications since the 1970s and 1980s. Reading is not an active, participatory process; itâs a submissive one (Johnson, 2005).â. As a New York Times editorial recently opined, âFew objects on the planet are farther removed from natureâless, say, like a rock or an insectâthan a glass and stainless steel smartphone (New York Times, 2010).â But modern American culture is plugged in as never before, and todayâs high school students have never known a world where the Internet didnât exist. Economic convergence is when a single company has interests across many kinds of media. As Henry Jenkins points out in his influential book Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide: Franchise products are governed too much by economic logic and not enough by artistic vision. Instead of being slick and digitized, cassette tapes and Polaroid photos are physical objects that are made more accessible and more human, according to enthusiasts, because of their flaws. [1] Robert McChesney has argued that media ownership threatens our democracy. Media convergence transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge. Indeed, fans are looking for deeper experiences in the stories they love. Media convergence describes the collaboration between, or fusion of, at least two types of media in mutually beneficial projects. However, as the technology has evolved, they can now take pictures, record video, play games, access the internet, and can be used as mp3 players. 1.2 Intersection of American Media and Culture, 1.5 The Role of Social Values in Communication, 3.3 Books and the Development of U.S. Popular Culture, 4.3 Different Styles and Models of Journalism, 4.4 How Newspapers Control the Publicâs Access to Information and Impact American Pop Culture, 4.5 Current Popular Trends in the Newspaper Industry, 5.3 The Role of Magazines in the Development of American Popular Culture, 5.4 Major Publications in the Magazine Industry, 5.5 How Magazines Control the Publicâs Access to Information, 5.7 Influence of the Internet on the Magazine Industry, 6.3 The Reciprocal Nature of Music and Culture, 6.4 Current Popular Trends in the Music Industry, 9.2 The Relationship Between Television and Culture, 9.3 Issues and Trends in the Television Industry, Chapter 10: Electronic Games and Entertainment, 10.4 The Impact of Video Games on Culture, 10.6 Blurring the Boundaries Between Video Games, Information, Entertainment, and Communication, Chapter 11: The Internet and Social Media, 11.4 The Effects of the Internet and Globalization on Popular Culture and Interpersonal Communication, Chapter 12: Advertising and Public Relations, 13.3 The Internetâs Effects on Media Economies, 14.4 Ethical Considerations of the Online World, 15.7 Media Influence on Laws and Government, 15.6 Digital Democracy and Its Possible Effects, 16.1 Changes in Media Over the Last Century, 16.3 Modern Media Delivery: Pros and Cons, 16.5 Privacy Laws and the Impact of Digital Surveillance, 16.6 Mass Media, New Technology, and the Public. Convergence is the movement of the price of a futures contract towards the spot price of the underlying cash commodity as the delivery date approaches.
Define convergence as it relates to mass media and provide some examples of convergence youâve observed in your life. In general, media convergence falls into four general categories that will be covered in this bibliography: Introductory Works, Business Enterprise Convergence, Technology and Economic Performance, and Culture and Social Commentary. New York: New York Press, 2006. Before going any further, it is important to understand the relationship between convergence and divergence because the two processes are inextricably linked. The effect of the media convergence in media industry for individuals, group government agencies and departments, companies and other organizations across the economic and social strata [7] Johnson, Derek. People are so bombarded with advertisements and sponsors that they are becoming more skilled at ignoring them. Carr worries that the vast array of interlinked information available through the Internet is eroding attention spans and making contemporary minds distracted and less capable of deep, thoughtful engagement with complex ideas and arguments. Roberta Pearson. In nearly all the settings we consider, the consumer demand for media content is largely due to demand for entertainment, with the economic impacts emerging as a by-product. Lewin, Tamar âIf Your Kids Are Awake, Theyâre Probably Online,â New York Times, January 20, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/education/20wired.html. This risks instilling a general passivity in our children, making them feel as though theyâre powerless to change their circumstances. Organic convergence is multimedia multitasking, or the natural outcome of a diverse media world. » Blog Archive » isthisarg.org Social Media Digest for May 10th, CHAPTER 1 The Era of Convergence: Primed for Transmedia Storytelling, Technological Convergence: Content in the Digital Age, Economic Convergence: Media Consolidation, If there are no prior comments there, a comment entry form will appear automatically, If there are already comments, you will see them and the form will be at the bottom of the thread. For example, Rupert Murdochâs News Corporation is involved in book publishing (HarperCollins), newspapers (. As a result, all economies should eventually converge in terms of per capita income. In other words, multitasking makes us do a greater number of things poorly. Name the five types of convergence identified by Henry Jenkins. Media convergence can mean one of two things: Either the merging of previously distinct media technologies resulting from digitization and computer networking–some of which are covered elsewhere in this article–or an economic strategy in which the media properties owned by communications companies employ digitization and computer networking to work together. It erodes long-established media industry and content “silos” and increasingly uncouples content from particular devices, which in turn presents major challenges for public policy and regulation. âNow I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski (Carr, 2010).â Carr cites neuroscience studies showing that when people try to do two things at once, they give less attention to each and perform the tasks less carefully. Children watch television because it’s fun, and are (very) unlikely to think of the possible impacts on their education. In Rich Media, Poor Democracy: Communication Politics in Dubious Times. Or a libraryâs card catalog? These factors have allowed media conglomerates to own different kinds of media (e.g., TV and radio stations and newspapers) in the sam… Economic Convergence: Media Consolidation 1 Many scholars and critics have noted that media ownership is controlled by an increasingly smaller number of mega-corporations. Tags: Uncategorized, Click the icon to the right of a paragraph, Click the icon to the right of the page title (works the same as paragraphs), Transmedia Storytelling in Television 2.0, is this ARG? Such a cultural sea change causes a significant generation gap between those who grew up with new media and those who didnât. The most common explanation for convergence is the constantly increasing speed at which new technologies spread across international borders. Either way, technological convergence and divergence have huge implications for the television industry. Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. The jury is still out on how these different types of convergence will affect people on an individual and societal level. Derek Johnson argues that shows like Lost and Heroes disperse narrative information across media platforms in a process that is more like divergence than convergence. Broadband has the potential to transform social, economic and business growth. Todayâs teenagers arenât passively sitting in front of screens, quietly absorbing information. This is because the impact of new investment in physical and human capital on a low-income country may result in huge gains as new skills or equipment are combined with the labor force. Economic convergence is when a single company has interests across many kinds of media. 24 May 2007. Posted by Aaron Smith on June 17, 2009 High Concept. It is the convergence of many media technologies allowing one media product to perform many different tasks. Some of its key features are: The merging of internet or telecommunications companies with traditional media companies. However, itâs still difficult to predict how media convergence and immersion are affecting culture, society, and individual brains. The trick is to add something new and worthwhile to a franchise in order to facilitate an emotional connection with it. When you need brief, factual information, when was the last time you reached for a volume of Encyclopedia Britannica? Paul Keller – nigerian VCDs at kwakoe – CC BY 2.0. Altogether, this makes studies of media convergence, both its approaches and its results, highly relevant for the understanding of the digital creative economy. Cultural Convergence. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994. Economic Convergence Is the horizontal integration of the entertainment industry. New York Times, editorial, âThe Half-Life of Phones,â New York Times, June 18, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/opinion/20sun4.html1. Identify examples of convergence in contemporary life. [4] “Advertising the Digital Age.” Team Digital Company Blog. It has become as much a necessity as food, water, and shelter. A 2010 book by Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains is more pessimistic. A key insight of international economics is that there should be “convergence” between rich countries and poor countries, which is just another way of saying that low-income nations – all other things being equal – should grow faster than high-income nations and eventually attain the same level of prosperity.. Convergence has transformed who uses these media and for what purposes, but it hasnât eliminated these media. Broadband has and will continue to become an increasing part of citizens’ day to day life, enabling commerce, education, health care, governance, and other social goods. Global convergence is when geographically distant cultures are able to influence one another. 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