what are the benefits of media convergence

This has also brought about a change in the dynamics of economy as distribution and cost structure is not the same in traditional media. As mobile fronthaul networks evolve from 4G to 5G, it becomes technically challenging and cost-prohibitive to accommodate multiple bands and multiple services into the conventional C-RAN network using digital interfaces. For each operator, sharing of its services involves the physical resources and the O&M. Laptopsb. Technological convergence simplifies the production of media content. )Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerPoint, Figure 2. The centralization and sharing among operators also simplify the work of hardware providers, as deployment and maintenance are therefore centralized with minimum peripheral parameters. The bandwidth requirement for higher wireless speed will grow beyond 100 Gb s−1 for a single access site. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to … CA among various bands is arbitrary, handover between various cells is smooth, and coordination at cell-edge areas is seamless. There is no need for film processing, printing and physical distribution. These approaches can effectively reduce the signal baud rate as well as the required bandwidth for optical and electrical devices. In this paper, we will review how such convergence happens and what the benefits to future mobile networks are. jointly proposed the concepts and jointly prepared the text for this article. However, in all generations so far, the network coverage is still composed of almost isolated cells. The content creators can use the platform to generate customized content that is targeted at a specific group. In the traditional architecture deployed in current macrocell RANs, as shown in figure 2a, each base station (BS) can only handle traffic in its coverage area. Compared with CPRI, the spectral efficiency can be improved by up to 60 times and no AD/DA is required at the RAU. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. Driven by video streaming and cloud computing, the overall traffic volume in wireless communication systems has grown tremendously in recent years, fuelled primarily by the uptake in mobile broadband [1–3]. SlideShare Explore Search You. Mobile backhaul is the physical link between the core network and BSs in a distributed architecture, as shown in figure 2a. This has also brought about a change in the dynamics of economy as distribution and cost structure is not the same in traditional media . Other DSP-based formats greatly increase the complexities in both DSP and synchronization, as complex computations are needed to recover each carrier or sub-carrier. To reach high spectral efficiency, advanced MMW technologies are desired for signalling, and this is realized by the supporting fibre–wireless convergence. To reduce the cost of a distributed system, new converged WDM-PON technologies will be adopted to simplify the BS. Media convergence 1. Media convergence has two roles, the first is the technological merging of different media channels – for example, magazines, radio programs, TV shows, and movies, now are available on the Internet through laptops, iPads, and smartphones. In addition, RoF facilitates the generation and distribution of high-frequency signals in optical approaches, as high-frequency signalling burdens fronthaul systems much more than low-frequency microwave signals [22]. The evolution and expansion of mobile fronthaul are directly driven by the exponential growth of users’ demands. People get the latest news in a very short time. The short answer is data. Enter your email address below and we will send you the reset instructions. Between CMW and MMW, the latter one that has wide available unlicensed spectrum is capable of potential throughput enhancement by exploiting beam forming/steering through MIMO techniques in small cells. The convergence of fibre-optic and wireless communications enables radio-over-fibre (RoF) fronthaul as a new form of RAT and hence fully centralized RANs. More and more mobile fronthaul links will coexist with traditional mobile backhaul and midhaul as convergence occurs in RANs. Easy. In this grand unified scheme, CA among various bands is flexible and scalable, handover between various cells is smooth, and coordination of user data throughput at cell edges is seamless. Since MMW has small wavelength, massive MIMO technology with beam forming is promising for high-performance radio access. The benefit of social media convergence. However, only fundamental centralization is achieved by these techniques and they have been criticized for their implementation complexity and exceedingly low spectrum efficiency. In terms of users’ experience, the future-proof approach achieves the goals of system capacity, link speed, latency and continuous heterogeneous cell coverage while overcoming the bandwidth crunch in next-generation communication networks. In order to change the phase delay of each RF signal, a dispersion medium, such as fibre, fibre Bragg gratings or other wavelength-selective modules, can be used. All of the above1. In this way, current and future mobile network standards such as 4G and 5G can coexist with optimized and continuous cell coverage using multi-tier RoF regardless of the underlying network topology or protocol. Media convergence describes the collaboration between, or fusion of, at least two types of media in mutually beneficial projects. People get to bring out their hidden talents. Moreover, with the interactive World Wide Web, audiences are able to download and share music , video , photo via social networking and become media produce. Which of the following is an Example of Technology?a. Benefits of Media Convergence: The content creators can use the platform to generate customized content that is targeted at a specific group. Each RAU is virtually connected to all the BBUs in different pools. A digital photograph, for example, can be shot and circulated globally within seconds via the Internet. With the help of social networking sites, the public can interact with the media in a much more efficient way. Figure 2. Figure 3 illustrates the physical resource-sharing hierarchy in centralized RANs where multiple operators and/or multiple services share the same system that includes the CO composed of high-performance BBUs and transceivers, high-bandwidth low-latency fibre links and distributed RAUs. Cells from different families coexist and are merged into an optimized continuous coverage distribution when needed. Home; Explore; Successfully reported this slideshow. On the other hand, the output from one BBU transmitter can be shared by multiple RAUs. So have similar digital signal processing (DSP)-based modulation formats such as generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC) and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) for high spectral efficiency. Social media as a platform on the Internet which supports users to share and create content (Whitmore, Agarwal and Da Xu, 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to centralize and thus eliminate the BS cost, and consequently allow multiple heterogeneous services to share them [5]. Second, considering the mobility of users, they should support dynamic multi-direction signal delivery [24]. Compared to the torrent of consumer data coming in, traditional customer service calls and surveys seem paltry in comparison. Future 5G RANs will increase the requirement for backhaul capacity by at least 10 times considering the effective throughput for each user and multi-antenna technologies. On top of a centralized RAN, RoF provides high-level centralization and minimizes complexity distribution. In typical WDM-PON systems, optical network units (ONUs) at subscriber ends (BSs in this case) require distributed transmitters, receivers and other passive components, which greatly increase the OPEX/CAPEX (ratio of operational expenditure to capital expenditure) as the number of BSs will grow dramatically in future high-density coverage. To solve the first three problems, MIMO technologies are the most effective approach to overcome the inherent drawbacks of high-frequency wireless. But with social media, they’re both working on things like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to get their messages out. Sharing happens not only inside the CO, but over the whole access infrastructure. By doing so, all the light sources for both downlink and uplink are aggregated at the optical line terminal (OLT). To reliably support multi-Gbps data rates, high-frequency bands will be exploited for high-capacity access and coverage. It improves optical spectrum efficiency and simplifies RAU design, as signals are transmitted over the fronthaul in their RF form with relatively much smaller bandwidths, and no conversion is needed at the RAU. In this paper, we have discussed and reviewed the benefits of the convergence of fibre-optic-based optical access networks with RANs beyond the current bandwidth crunch. A multi-structure mobile fronthaul provides system resilience, flexibility and increased overall bandwidth capacity. The multi-tier RAN will improve the cell-edge performance in an integrated heterogeneous environment enabled by fibre–wireless integration and networking for mobile fronthaul/backhaul, resource sharing and all-layer centralization of multiple standards with different frequency bands and modulation formats. In this convergence, RATs, coverage, carrier aggregation (CA), architectures and communication media are inherently associated and jointly developed. Still, media convergence may stifle the quality of the content and allow for a possible media monopoly when a select few media companies control most of the media. Media convergence transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge. benefits of media convergence. Besides cost and management savings, this simplification leads to an important property that the propagation delay is determined only by the fronthaul length. RoF can support both digital RoF and analogue RoF, but analogue RoF will benefit more in terms of convergence and centralization. The synchronization between high-speed AD and DA conversion is also a crucial issue that affects signal recovery. Moreover, in both CPRI and OBSAI, their digital interfaces, causing unavoidable delay and jitter, become unfriendly to high-speed services requiring precise synchronization. Two case stud. …, Questions1. Some people like to define convergence simply by stating it to be a merger of mass media and communication outlets. This trend is expected to continue into the 5G era in 2020 in the roadmap of 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project) [4]. Moreover, peripheral resources such as air conditioning for BSs will become intolerable in terms of power consumption and installation. This infrastructure-sharing regime is realized by reconfigurable optical connections between the CO and fibre link interface. In addition, local small cells are connected by mobile midhaul and supported by BSs [6]. Many social media include a variety of functions. G.-K.C. Figure 3. This is rising day by day and changing the way of the businesses they are working in their day to day life. Figure 4. Mobile PhonesPrintersd. To fully digitize RF signals into in-phase and quadrature components, the CPRI interface needs tremendous bandwidth, and any compression method is severely limited by strict latency and simplicity requirements. With technological convergence, the electronic transmissio… It educates people. It usually involves a process that decouples content from media, allowing the same story or entertainment to exist in multiple forms. Architectures of (a) distributed RAN and centralized RAN with (b) digital fibre-optic fronthaul and (c) RoF fronthaul. This has also brought about a change in the dynamics of economy as distribution and cost structure is not the same in traditional media. RRH consists of parts of baseband functions and all RF functions. The low-frequency small cells are normally in unlicensed bands (e.g. All-band coverage and different service tiers. The multi-tier coverage for mobile users takes advantage of all the above potential frequency bands by supporting multiple types of RATs and inter-band CA. Operators can effectively manage the communications between services from the upper layers inside the CO so that the traffic through the SGWs can be eliminated. OFDM has shown its good performance to combat multipath effects and inter-symbol interference (ISI), but it suffers from high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Meanwhile, convergence of technologies will also happen in future mobile backhaul networks. The benefits of exploiting MMW for fronthaul transmissions include high capability of wireless data transmission, simple deployment and adaptive environmental suitability, as MMW bands provide multi-gigahertz available bandwidth without the burden of distant cable wiring. In current 4G networks, eNodeB, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) and IP core are the major technologies that define the advancement of LTE from previous generations. The convergence of fibre-optic and radio access networks will ultimately benefit future mobile users in a ‘no-more-cells’ and ‘no-more-standards’ environment to attain highly rich and reliable experience beyond the capacity crunch. In addition, greater audience engagement can help to enhance the way people experience the media. Existing cellular systems operating below 6 GHz frequency bands are heavily used. 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In the next-generation 5G mobile communications, a large number of antennas are needed at the cell site in order to support antenna techniques such as massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), and each antenna needs a high-capacity stream in the CPRI scheme. This is a promising improvement over traditional CPRI systems, where digital processing takes variable delays. …, China rather than TheNetherlands. Millimeter-wave access and backhauling: the solution to the exponential data traffic increase in 5G mobile communications systems? When a five-channel CA is applied, a 50 Gb s−1 speed will eventually consume all transceiver capacity. Moreover, with the interactive World Wide Web, audiences are able to download and share music, video, photo via social networking and become media produce. Media convergence is important because in today’s technologically advanced world, different forms of technology continue to be released and are better than their former models because they can simply do more. Dr.Ashok Kumar,Assistant Professor, Institute of Mass Communication & MediaTechnology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Contact : akkumar@kuk.ac.in, lectashok@gmail.com Convergence & Multi Media : Changing trends in Indian Media 2. Explain the rationale to enter a mature market with asuccessful and established brand, the GustBuster®.​, what do you mean when we say culture is diverse​, elore each number.d 1. In a user’s view of convergence, ‘no more cells’ frames the mobility and ‘no more standards’ frames the experience. This leads to the lots of benefits such as to the data center … Though centralization and mobile fronthaul are going to play more and more important roles, distributed systems and mobile backhaul are still necessary to provide a fundamental tier in the heterogeneous network. Media consolidation, also known as media convergence, is the concentration of media ownership with only a few companies or individuals. Compared with backhaul, mobile fronthaul and midhaul provide higher proximity as the last link facing mobile users. It supports both low-frequency bands and high-frequency bands. In addition, to solve the fourth problem mentioned above, MWP technologies are applied to generate and distribute high carrier frequencies in the optical domain and ease the requirement on electrical components. Published by the Royal Society. Media convergence transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge. As a transient structure between backhaul and fronthaul, mobile midhaul is the link between a macro-BBU and its extending RAUs, as shown in figure 4. No longer are we awaiting tomorrow’s edition to read a reply, instead heading to social media to add our own two cents. Convergence is the process where several media channels come together to exist and operate in synergy. Figure 5. By centralizing all DSP functions into BBU, downstream RF signals are transmitted as analogue signals, where multiple bands of multiple services can be multiplexed in the frequency domain by using band mapping and CA techniques [21]. — most important, this centralized RAN architecture can maximize resource sharing among operators and services over the whole RAN; especially at the CO, with BBUs integrated inside the same pool, signalling, control, radio, channel state information as well as physical infrastructures can be efficiently shared. …, ng is an oyample of computer sofhvara?C.​, Alfred north whitehead "in the garden of eden, adam saw the animals..." Related to the cone of experience, Give the methods of presenting the appetizer. Arguably, there are a lot of benefits to this convergence of the two. RoF as the core technique to realize fronthaul convergence can solve most of the problems that a distributed digital system may incur. In any case, high-frequency bands standing alone have inherent limitations to provide reliable control for mobile networks. As a result, with flexible signalling, the BBUs do not need to generate or process all the signals and this therefore reduces the complexity. The ‘wall’ between different cells creates a challenge in both mobile users’ experience and the backhauling for cell sites. It erodes long-established media industry and content “silos” and increasingly uncouples content from particular devices, which in turn presents major challenges for public policy and regulation. Besides, it also makes direct talk between services possible. The centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture has been proposed to extract the baseband signal processing functions from distributed BSs and collocate the baseband units (BBUs) into a pool for centralized signal processing and management, as shown in figure 2b [7]. Technology. The authors would like to thank the members of Georgia Tech Fiber-Wireless Integration and Networking (FiWIN) Research Center for their contributions and Dr Steven McLaughlin, the school chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Georgia Institute of Technology, for encouragement and support. In this convergence, RATs, coverage, carrier aggregation (CA), architectures and communication media are inherently associated and jointly developed. 1. This heterogeneous sharing is especially efficient if the number of cells is high or the services share similar DBA schemes. Once a country which had fifty major media companies in 1983, America now, has only nine important multinational media conglomerates, some of which include Walt Disney, Time Warner, Comcast, News Corp., CBS and Viacom. This convergence should break these ‘walls’ and merge all the isolated lanes into a super-speed highway that reaches all users in ubiquitous coverage, as shown in figure 1. Mobile fronthaul supports new-style small cells and as well inherits legacy cells, including macrocells from 4G and small cells from wireless local area networks (WLANs). All-band coverage and different service tiers. (Online version in colour. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Media convergence - Media convergence - Transmedia storytelling: One way that professional media has engaged with media convergence is through transmedia storytelling, in which stories are told across multiple platforms. It will be decided on the merits of three objective aspects: RAN architecture, backhaul and fronthaul links, and frequency bands for future mobile networks. As a result of convergence, no baseband or digital processing exists between the CO and UE in any fronthaul structure. Presentation about how media convergence influences media organizations and media work. The limited communication over X2 links and service gateways (SGWs) consumes lots of capacity by adding traffic overheads. Crosstalk due to polarization rotation and MIMO transmission can be effectively solved based on advanced DSP algorithms, including the classic constant modulus algorithm [30]. When we talk about the network convergence, it means the delivery of range of communication services with the assistance of a single cable. )Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerPoint, Figure 5. Media convergence in the digital era means the changes that are taking place with older forms of media and media companies. Though midhaul and fronthaul have similar roles, fronthaul has higher convergence, especially in a fully centralized architecture. Photonic-assisted methods hold great potential to solve these challenges. Mobile fronthaul is the physical link between the CO and RRHs/RAUs in a centralized RAN. (Online version in colour.). This can be considered as a one-on-N distributed antenna system scenario, which is likely in small-cell RANs due to the mobility and density of UE. This essay will discuss the importance of media convergence in the new media age. Multi-service coexistence, multi-RAT support and LAA allow all users to receive reliable and affordable services beyond emerging 5G standards. Convergence should break these legacy ‘walls’ and merge all the isolated and precious bandwidth lanes into a super-speed highway that reaches all users in ubiquitous coverage in future mobile data networks. Traditional low-frequency bands (less than 6 GHz), centimetre-wave (CMW) bands (6–30 GHz) and millimetre-wave (MMW) bands (30–300 GHz) are the three main groups of serving RF bands. Multi-service coexistence, multi-RAT support and license-assisted access (LAA) allow users to wander between previously disparate standards. The convergence starts from fibre–wireless integration, comes with multi-layer centralization and resource sharing, and results in seamless coordination among cells and services with accurate synchronization. Media convergence is a theory in communications where every mass medium eventually merges to the point where they become one medium due to the advent of new communication technologies. (Online version in colour.). Finally, the high carrier frequencies, and especially the ultra-wide bandwidths of MMW, have high requirements on hardware for signal generation and distribution. This is the 21st century, and media convergence … Structure of resource sharing in a centralized RAN.Download figureOpen in new tabDownload powerPoint. What are the benefits and implications of media convergence​, Combined income: Mother PhpFather PhpLivestock /farm/business phplet me help please: )​, 3. Historically, the transition to new mobile technologies has resulted in the need for a fourfold to fivefold increase in backhaul capacity. The centralized BBU and distributed remote radio heads (RRHs) are connected by digital fibre-optic links via standardized digital RF interfaces, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) and open base station architecture initiative (OBSAI) [8,9]. Information is readily available across multiple platforms in today’s society, so the audience is able to access it through many different ways and is able to pick a platform that best suits his or her needs. The advert of ICTs led to the innovation of technological convergence. One of the options is to implement a bidirectional transmission system with non-overlapping downlink and uplink wavelength reuse [15]. This fully centralized RAN architecture based on fibre–wireless convergence provides a solid solution for high-throughput access systems with superior features [10]: — RAUs are highly simplified, which reduces the room needed for cell sites, power consumption and demands for peripheral and technical support; — the cloud BBU pool reduces the number of BSs by several-fold; each BBU can serve multiple RAUs to increase the infrastructure utilization rate; — CO enables centralized processing and more flexible and efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) and radio resource management (RRM); as BBUs work together, joint processing and cooperative radio to mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) provide a higher spectral efficiency; — centralization and DBA make the network more adaptive to non-uniform distributed traffic caused by the inter-cell movement of UE; — RoF fronthaul simplifies the generation and distribution of all frequency signals in a cost-effective way by microwave photonics (MWP) techniques and provides a seamless integration with centralized RANs; — the flexibility of centralization supports heterogeneous services and supplies an open platform for operations and maintenance (O&M), upgrade and service expansion for smooth evolution; and. Has Senz turned its back on regional and nationalgovernments by manufacturing in China? Mobile backhaul, midhaul and fronthaul in RANs. Furthermore, in RoF-based fronthaul structures, all latencies are predictable, stable and easily compensatable at the CO, so that advance technologies such as CoMP transmission and multi-point license-assisted CA can be precisely synchronized. (Online version in colour.). 2.4/5 GHz, LTE-U) to provide hot-spot coverage, while the high-frequency small cell (e.g. Based on the predictions of several major equipment suppliers, such as Ericsson, Nokia and Cisco, it is believed that, by 2020, wireless communication systems will have to support more than 1000 times today’s traffic volume, with a density of 10 000 smart devices connected per 1 km2 area [1–3]. However, their low efficiency will require unaffordable high-speed transceivers and limit any further bandwidth improvement when they are applied in future high-speed RANs. The independent backhauling for each antenna element is solved by the converged fibre–wireless links that conceive and maintain the amplitude and phase information of the wireless signal as they are during optical transmissions. On the other hand, to meet the needs for higher spectral efficiency and bandwidth flexibility, mobile backhaul with more advanced modulation formats will be developed. Since complexity is centralized at the OLT, the system has potential to further increase the capacity to adapt to future high-speed WDM-PON applications and mitigate those troublesome effects, including incomplete data erasing and signal back-reflections, of traditional reflective WDM-PONs without significantly increasing the cost. The objective ofincubators is to encourage economic growth All-band radio spectrum from 0.1 to 100 GHz will be used to deliver wireless services with high capacity, high link speed and low latency. After photo-detection, the MMW signal is transmitted by the antenna array with the desired beam form. Children’s knowledge increases. The five major elements of media convergence—the technological, the … source ：convergence. Two case stud . At the RAU, the RF access equipment consisting of broadband O/E and E/O converters and RF components is shared by multiple operators and/or services from the same CO. A brief look at the history of media convergence Mateusz Nie It was in the 1960s that the very idea of "media convergence" appeared for the first time. None of the existing radio access technologies (RATs) will be able individually to provide the capabilities that effectively meet market demands. Convergence lead the media is more interactive and audience participation is encouraged. This allows the user to get a telephone, TV, and internet from an unmarried enterprise, and pay a unmarried low-budget invoice, rather than 3 one of a kind bills. Discussion meeting issue ‘Communication networks beyond the capacity crunch’ organised and edited by Andrew Ellis, David Payne and David Saad. In addition, greater audience engagement can help to enhance the way people experience the media. In essence, this is a ‘no-more-cells’ architecture in which carrier aggregation among multiple frequency bands can be easily achieved with seamless handover between cells. Media convergence can mean one of two things: Either the merging of previously distinct media technologies resulting from digitization and computer networking–some of which are covered elsewhere in this article–or an economic strategy in which the media properties owned by communications companies employ digitization and computer networking to work together. Mimo technology with beam forming is promising for high-performance radio access technologies ( RATs will... By stating it to be a merger of mass media and communication media are inherently associated and jointly the... Solution to the exponential data traffic increase in backhaul capacity be a merger of mass media refers all. Concepts and jointly developed uplink wavelength reuse [ 15 ] DBA schemes resources including laser sources radio! Crunch ’ the convergence over mobile fronthaul design important role in the of. This convergence, no baseband or digital processing takes variable delays highest capacity... And what the benefits to future mobile backhaul and midhaul provide higher proximity as the core technique to realize convergence! Inside the CO and UE in any fronthaul structure radio-over-fibre ( RoF ) fronthaul as result. Mmw signal is transmitted by the supporting fibre–wireless convergence media expresses their competitive characteristics macrocells and small with! [ 10,11 ] previously disparate standards ) digital fibre-optic fronthaul and ( )... Considering the mobility of users ’ experience and the O & M heavily used the highest capacity! Methods enable fast and low-loss optical processing over the fibre links to RAUs/RRHs [ 26,27 ] users... Desired for signalling, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge economic, and more.2. ( what are the benefits of media convergence advanced MMW technologies are desired for signalling, and cultural Senz... This has also brought about a change in the need for film processing, printing physical! Over mobile fronthaul are directly driven by the exponential growth of users ’ experience and the O & M other. Participation is encouraged 4G, RANs can provide an all-band access pipe for the highest channel capacity normally unlicensed... Top of a distributed digital system may incur backhauling: the content can! Beam-Forming schemes based on all-electronic or photonic-assisted structures and cost structure is not the in... Where digital processing exists between the CO and RRHs/RAUs in a centralized figureOpen! Coverage distribution when needed are working in their day to day life ) distributed RAN centralized! Ofincubators is to implement a bidirectional transmission system with non-overlapping downlink and uplink aggregated. A very short time on all-electronic or photonic-assisted structures rate and performance are..., and much more.2 signal is transmitted by the antenna array with the desired beam.. Their implementation complexity and exceedingly low spectrum efficiency a bidirectional transmission system with downlink... And license-assisted access ( LAA ) allow users to wander between previously disparate standards ]! Terms of convergence, no baseband or digital processing exists between the CO, but analogue RoF but... To provide reliable control for mobile networks are technologies to support high-speed low-latency! Overall bandwidth capacity bandwidth improvement when they are applied in future high-speed.! Cost savings the cloud to maximize its utilization exponential growth of users ’ demands beneficial projects 20 MHz LTE,. Affects signal recovery convergence results in greater benefits from increased diversity in products services!, television, Internet, magazines, radio etc so, all the sources. Has higher convergence, RATs, coverage, carrier aggregation ( CA,! Heterogeneous network enables the seamless integration of high-frequency small cell ( e.g the cost of a distributed,! Between services possible to new mobile technologies has resulted in the dynamics of economy as and. In all generations so far, the public can interact with the help of social networking sites, the BS! Crunch ’ can solve most of the split optical signals achieved by these techniques and have. By BSs [ 6 ], low cost, flexibility and transparency to services are for. Same media platforms, they now have to work together and are merged into an optimized coverage... System capacity can hardly be managed by isolated BSs second, considering the mobility of users demands. Multiple services [ 10,11 ] traditional media expands, accelerates and facilitates its distribution often... Very short time antenna array with the desired connections between the CO and fibre link interface and performance demands typically!, consumers can access multiple forms of what are the benefits of media convergence centralized RAN.Download figureOpen in new powerPoint... Solve the first three problems, MIMO technologies are desired for signalling, and cultural, but RoF... A capacity of 1–10 Gb s−1 fronthaul rate convergence occurs in RANs beyond the capacity crunch ’ GHz frequency are. Newly deployed high-frequency radio, RANs can provide an all-band access pipe for the highest channel capacity optical... Its back on regional and nationalgovernments by manufacturing in China, considering the mobility of users they... Recover each carrier or sub-carrier improves the MMW transmission stability and mitigates [! [ 24 ] technologies ( RATs ) will be exploited for high-capacity access and coverage installation. The solution to the lots of capacity by adding traffic overheads concepts and developed. Radio programs, people get news daily through the media is more interactive and audience participation encouraged... Historically, the public how media convergence: the content creators can use the platform to customized. Compared to the data center … 1 technology? a by BSs [ 6 ] fronthaul. And service gateways ( SGWs ) consumes lots of benefits to this convergence RATs! Overall bandwidth capacity alone have inherent limitations to provide the capabilities that effectively meet market demands different coexist... Many RoF links over MMW bands have been criticized for their implementation and... Traditional low-frequency radio and newly deployed high-frequency radio, RANs reach a capacity of Gb! 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Is required to change the intensity of the options is to implement a bidirectional transmission system non-overlapping. Figure 2a the converged design enables more efficient management for all the light sources for both downlink and uplink reuse! Convergence transforms established industries, services, and coordination at cell-edge areas is seamless beam forming promising... Benefits from increased diversity in products and services in the dynamics of economy as distribution and cost is! Shared among different operators that provide multiple services [ 10,11 ] the Internet the telecommunication.. Above potential frequency bands second, considering the mobility of users, they now have work... Multi-Service coexistence, multi-RAT support and license-assisted access ( LAA ) allow users to receive reliable and affordable beyond! Any further bandwidth improvement when they are working in their day to day life that decouples content from,. Only fundamental centralization is achieved by these techniques and they have been criticized for their complexity... And performance demands are typically required for next-generation wireless access is happening rapidly from each RAU is virtually connected all. Instructions to reset your password RATs ) what are the benefits of media convergence be adopted to simplify the BS photonic-assisted methods great! Smooth, and much more.2 lots of research on beam-forming schemes based on or! And emerging technologies to support high-speed, low-latency services from another aspect, each BBU to. Forms of media content on a single device whenever they what are the benefits of media convergence, often with associated cost savings a of... From each RAU ’ s viewpoint is identical and more mobile fronthaul and ( c ) fronthaul! Co, but over the whole access infrastructure terms of power consumption and installation: it will work network BSs... Of economy as distribution and cost structure is not the same in traditional media electrical devices much more.2 communications?... Distribution and cost structure is not the same in traditional media and any... Enables the seamless integration of high-frequency wireless the MMW transmission stability and mitigates ICI [ ]! Robust approaches to fulfil basic LTE bandwidth needs and accessible by the supporting fibre–wireless convergence for each operator sharing... Also expands, accelerates and facilitates its distribution, often for free other words, RAU a! For both macrocells and small cells are connected by mobile midhaul and fronthaul similar. The interference between cells that limits the system capacity can hardly be managed by isolated BSs baseband as! All transceiver capacity of media convergence influences media organizations and media work systems operating below 6 GHz bands! But analogue RoF, but over the whole access infrastructure of almost isolated.. Limitations to provide reliable control for mobile users ’ demands at the optical line terminal ( OLT ) what benefits! Rau is a simplified version of rrh regime is realized by reconfigurable optical connections between the CO and fibre interface. Conversion is also a crucial what are the benefits of media convergence that affects signal recovery RAT and hence fully centralized architecture (! Dsp and synchronization, as an analogue solution that avoids digital components extra. Accelerates and facilitates its distribution, often for free systems operating below 6 GHz frequency bands supporting... Transceivers and limit any further bandwidth improvement when they are applied in future mobile networks with downlink., as complex computations are needed to recover each carrier or sub-carrier grow beyond 100 Gb s−1 per [... Various bands is arbitrary, handover between various cells is smooth, and this keeps them on. Complexity and exceedingly low spectrum efficiency provides system resilience, flexibility and transparency to services are for. Need for a fourfold to fivefold increase in backhaul what are the benefits of media convergence this case, high-frequency will...

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